Surya (Sun): He is the Sun god, also called Ravi. In the company of the other planets, he generally stands in the center facing east, while the other planets stand around him in eight different directions, but none facing each other. He rides a chariot that has one wheel and pulled by seven while horses. The seven horses symbolically represent the seven colors of the white light and the seven days of the week. The gem of Sun is Natural Ruby and the metal is Gold

Species: Corundum
Hardness: 9
Refractive Index (RI): 1.762~1.770
Color: Light to Dark Red, pinkish/Purplish Red
Occurrence: Burma, Thailand, Pakistan, Vietnam, Ceylon, Africa.

Chandra (Moon): Also knows as Soma, and probably because of his waxing and waning qualities, in the images he is never depicted in full. We see him with only his upper body from chest upwards, with two hands holding one lotus each, riding upon a chariot drawn by 10 horses. He Moon also rules emotions. Moon rules the sign of Cancer. The gem of Moon is a Natural Pearl and the metal is Silver.

Species: Fresh Water, Salt Water
Hardness: Varies
Refractive Index (RI): Not Applicable (Opaque)
Color: White, Grey, Yellowish – White, Light – Cream, Black, Body - Color
Occurrence: Seas of Basra, South Sea, Tahiti, Arabia, Australia, Japan, Bahrain, Persia.

Mangala (Mars): Also called Angaraka, Mangala is a ferocious god with four hands. In two hands he holds weapons, generally a mace and a javelin, while the other two are held in abhaya and varada mudras. He uses ram as his vehicle. Mars rules the signs of Aries and Scorpio in the horoscope. The gem of Mars is a Red Coral and the metal is Silver or Gold and the day is Tuesday. It is also called a Praval or Moonga.

Species: Calcareous
Hardness: 3.5 – 4.0
Refractive Index (RI) : Not Applicable as they are Opaque
Color: Flesh Pink, Dark Blood Red, Orange, Orangish – Red, Brownish - Red
Occurrence: Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Sea near Spain, Morocco, Malaysia, Japan.

Budha (Mercury): We generally see him depicted with four hands, riding upon a chariot or a lion. Three of his hands hold a sword, a shied and a mace respectively, while the fourth one is held in the usual varada mudra (giving gesture). Mercury rules the signs of Gemini and Virgo in the horoscope. The gem is Natural Emerald and the metal is Silver or Gold and the day is Wednesday. It is also called as Markat and Panna.

Species: Beryl
Hardness: 7.5-8
Refractive Index (RI): 1.577~1.583
Color: Light to Dark Green.
Occurrence: Colombia, Brazil, Russia, India.

Brihaspathi (Jupiter): Brihaspati also known as Brahmanaspati is the teacher of gods and is praised in many hymns of the Rigveda. He is generally shown with two hands, seated in a chariot driven by eight horses. The eight horses probably represent eight branches of knowledge. The gem is Natural Yellow Sapphire and the metal is Gold. The day of Jupiter is Thursday. It is also known as Pushyarag and Pukhraj.

Species: Corundum
Hardness: 9
Refractive Index (RI) : 1.762~1.770
Color: Light to Dark Yellow, Pale - Yellow, Orangish Golden - Yellow
Occurrence: Sir - Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Africa, Australia.

Sukra (Venus): Sukra is the teacher of the demons and the author of Sukraniti. He is generally shown with four hands, riding upon a golden or a silver chariot drawn by eight horses. Three of his hands hold a staff, a rosary, a vessel of gold respectively while the fourth one is held in varada mudra. The gem of Venus is the Natural Diamond and the metal is Gold. The day of Venus is Friday. It is also known as Vajra and Heera.

Species: Carbon
Hardness: 10
Refractive Index (RI): 2.417
Color: Colorless, Yellow, Brown, Red, Green, blue, other Fancy Colors
Occurrence: Africa, Russia, Canada, Australia, India.

Sani (Saturn): Sani is a turbulent and troublesome god who makes and breaks fortunes by his influence and position in the planetary system for which he is invariably feared and especially worshipped by those who believe in Hindu astrology. He is generally shown with four hands riding upon a chariot, or a buffalo or a vulture. In three hands he shown holding an arrow, a bow and a javelin respectively while the fourth one is held in varadamudra. The signs of Capricorn and Aquarius are ruled by this Karmic planet. The gem of Saturn is the Natural Blue Sapphire and the metal is Silver and sometimes gold. The day of Saturn is Saturday. It is also called as Neelam.

Species: Corundum
Hardness: 9
Refractive Index (RI) : 1.762~1.770
Color: Light to Dark Blue, Violetish – Blue, Greenish – Blue, Purplish - Blue
Occurrence: Kashmir, Burma, Thailand, Pakistan, Vietnam, Ceylon, Africa, Australia

Rahu: His image resembles that of Budha (Mercury) in some respects but both gods differ fundamentally in their nature and temperament. He is generally shown riding a dark lion, in contrast to the white lion of Budha. But just like the other god, he carries the same weapons, namely a sword, a javelin and a shield in his three hands, while his fourth hand is held in varadamudra. The gem of Rahu is Natural Hessonite and the metal is Silver. The day of Rahu is Saturday. It is also called as Gomedh.

Species: Garnet (Hessonite)
Hardness: 7 – 7.5
Refractive Index (RI): 1.740
Color: Brown, Brownish – Orange, Orangish – Brown.
Occurrence: Sri Lanka, Canada, Canada, Brazil. Africa, Madagascar.

Ketu: In Sanskrit Ketu (Dhuma ketu) means comet. The scriptures describe him as having the tail of a serpent as his body, a description which very much matches with his connection to the image of a comet. However in the images, he is usually shown with a poke marked body, riding upon a vulture and holding a mace. The gem of Ketu is Natural Cat’s Eye and the metal is Silver. The day of Ketu is Tuesday. It is also called as Vaidurya/Lehsunia.

Species: Chrysoberyl
Hardness: 8.5
Refractive Index (RI): 1.744~1.755
Color: Light to Dark Greenish – Yellow, Green, Brownish – Green, Brownish - Yellow.
Occurrence: Sri Lanka, Brazil, Russia, Tanzania, China.